hai semua!
ok, this is my first time buat blog. itu pun kene pakse dengan madam IT. ok sorry madam. actually macam seronok je buat blog. tengok bebudak lain buat blog kan, so nak try lah jugak kan. ok, saya akan ceritakan pasal diri saya seringkas yang boleh. penat nak taip panjang panjang. firstly, nama saya Imnie farahainie binti mat jani. mana datang imnie tu? imnie tu arwah ibu cerita nama gabungan nama dia dengan ayah. nama ibu fatimah dan nama ayah mat jani. so hopefully korang tahu lah dari mana gabungannya. saya lahir di selangor tetapi tinggal di melaka. sekarang belajar di Universiti Teknologi Mara di Lendu, Melaka jugakk. ok bosan tu memang bosan lah. tapi nak buat macam mana. ini yang diberi oleh Allah kan. so kita kene lah terima. saya ambil jurusan business management. minat tu memang minat lah. cerita pasal adik beradik pulak, saya ada 3 orang adik beradik. akak sulung imnie farhana dan adik lelaki imnie fadzlan. yeah, kitaorang 3 orang adik beradik semua ada nama imnie. comelkan? sebab pergi mana mana semua orang tahu nama kitaorang. tapi dekat rumah tak adalah panggil imnie. mahu tak 3 orang toleh gitu kannn. so family saya panggil farah atau mesra sikit kakngah. rasenya cukuplah information seringkas boleh nie.
kenapa permulaan blog saya tulis salam ramadhan? sebab saya buat blog nie betul betul lagi berapa hari nak masuk bulan puasa. dan saya ada berita gembira untuk disampaikan. yes, saya dah jadi antie. jadi raya tahun ini sangatlah meriah dengan adanya baby kecil di rumah. anak akak sulung saya. kitaorang panggil kakyung. dia kahwin last year, and now dah dapat anak. cepatkan? hehehe. alhamdullilah. cucu pertama dan anak buah pertama. her name is Rania Marissa. baby girl. comel. tembam. sebijik macam muka kakyung. bila dah dapat lappy memang nak merapu jee kerje nya.
jadi, jom kita cerita pasal subjek kegemaran saya pada semester 4 kali ini.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN BUSINESS.
CHAPTER 1
firstly, information technology is everywhere in business.
information technology's impact on business operations
common departments in an organization
accounting
finance
human resources
marketing
production management
sales
operations management
management information systems
basics
information technology(IT) is a field concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information. other than that, information technology is an important enabler of business success and innovation.
management information systems(MIS) is a general name for the business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures to solve business problems. MIS also is a business function similar to Accounting, Finance, Operations, and Human Resources.
When we learn beginning about information technology it is important to understand
threat of substitute products or services
-high when there are many alternatives to a product or service and low when there are few alternatives from which to choose.
-switching cost is cost that can make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service.
threat of new entrants
-high when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and low when there are significant entry barriers to entering a market.
entry barrier is a product or service feature that customers have come to expect from organizations in a particular industry and must be offered by an entering organization to complete and survive.
rivalry among existing competitors
-high when competition is fierce in a market and low when competition is more complacent.
-although competition is always more intense in some industries than in others the overall trend is toward increased competition in just about every industry.
value creation
-once an organization chooses its strategy it can use tools such as the value chain to determine the success or failure of its chosen strategy.
-business process is a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's order.
-value cash is a views an organization as a series of processes each of which adds value to the product or service for each customer.
CHAPTER 3
"STRATEGIC INITIATIVES"
-organizations can undertake high profile strategic initiatives including:
-supply chain management(SCM)
-customer relationship management(CRM)
-business process re engineering(BPR)
-enterprise resource planning(ERP)
SCM
-involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability.
-the four basic components of supply chain management include:
supply chain strategy= strategy for managing all resources to meet customer demand
supply chain partner= partners throughout the supply chain that deliver finished products, raw materials, and services.
supply chain operation= schedule for production activities
supply chain logistics= product delivery process
-effective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to=
decrease the power of its buyers
increase its own supplier power
increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services
create entry barriers there by reducing the threat of new entrants
increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership
CRM
-involves managing all aspects of a customer's relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization's profitability.
-many organizations, such as Charles Schwab and Kaiser Permanente, have obtained great success through the implementation of CRM systems.
-CRM is not just technology but a strategy, process, and business goal that an organization must embrace on an enterprisewide level.
-CRM can enable an organization to=
identify types of customers
design individual customer marketing campaigns
treat each other customers as an individual
understand customer buying behaviors
BPR
-business process is a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's order.
-the analysis and redesign of workflow with in and between enterprise
-re engineering the corporation=book written by Micheal Hammer and James Champy that recommend seven principles for BPR.
-seven principles of business process re engineering
organize around outcomes, not tasks
identify all the organizations process and prioritize them in order of re design urgency.
integrate information processing work into the real work that produces the information
treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized
link parallel activities in the workflow instead of just integrating their results
put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control the process
capture information once and at the source
-finding opportunity using BPR are a company can improve the way it travels the road by moving from foot to horse and then horse to car
-BPR also looks at taking a different path such as airplane which ignore the road completely.
-pitfalls of BPR is fails to keep up with competitors.
EPR
-integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprise wide information on all business operations.
-the keyword in ERP is 'enterprise'.
-EPR systems collect data from across an organization and correlates the data generating an enterprise wide view.
CHAPTER 1
"ACHIEVING BUSINESS SUCCESS"
firstly, information technology is everywhere in business.
information technology's impact on business operations
common departments in an organization
accounting
finance
human resources
marketing
production management
sales
operations management
management information systems
basics
information technology(IT) is a field concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information. other than that, information technology is an important enabler of business success and innovation.
management information systems(MIS) is a general name for the business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures to solve business problems. MIS also is a business function similar to Accounting, Finance, Operations, and Human Resources.
When we learn beginning about information technology it is important to understand
·
Data,
information, and business intelligences
· IT
resources
·
IT
cultures
Data
Raw facts
that describe the characteristics of a event
Information
Data converted
into a meaningful and useful context
Business intelligence
Applications
and technologies that are used to support decision making efforts
IT
cultures: Organizational information cultures include
·
Information
functional culture
·
Information
sharing culture
·
Information
inquiring culture
·
Information
discovery culture
the meaning is
Information
functional culture is where employees use information as a means of exercising
influence or power over others. For example, a manager in sales refuses to
share information with marketing. This causes marketing to need the sales
manager’s input each time a new sales strategy is developed.
Information
sharing culture is where employees across departments trust each other to use
information to improve performance.
Information
inquiring culture is where employees across departments search for information
to better understand the future and align themselves with current trends and
new directions.
Information
discovery culture is where employees across departments are open to new
insights about crisis and radical changes and seek ways to create competitive
advantages.
CHAPTER 2
"IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES"
competitive advantages-to survive and thrive an organization must create a competitive advantage
competitive advantage- a product or service that an organization's customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitor.
first mover advantage- occurs when an organizations can significantly impact its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage.
example like Air Asia. the first company to implement low cost.
organizations watch their competition through environmental scanning
what the means by environmental scanning? the meaning is the acquisition and analysis of events and trends in the environment external to an organization.
three common tools used in industry to analyze and develop competitive advantages include:
-Porter's Five Forces Model
-Porter's three generic strategies
-Value chains.
the five forces model- evaluating business segments
- Porter's Five Forces Model determines the relative attractiveness of an industry
buyer power
- high when buyers have many choices of whom to buy from and low when their choices are few
-one way to reduce buyer power is through loyalty programs.
loyalty program is rewards customers based on the amount of business they do with particular organization.
supplier power
-high when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from and low when their choices are many.
-supply chain is consists of all parties involved in the procurement of a product or raw material.
-organizations that are buying goods and services in the supply chain can create a competitive advantage by locating alternative supply sources through B2B marketplaces.
business to business(B2B) marketplace is an internet based service that brings together many buyers and sellers.
-two types of business to business marketplaces is private exchange and reverse auction.
private exchange is a single buyer posts its needs and the opens the bidding to any supplier who would care to bid. reverse auction is an auction format in which increasingly lower bids are solicited from organizations willing to supply the desired product or service at an increasingly lower price.
"IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES"
competitive advantages-to survive and thrive an organization must create a competitive advantage
competitive advantage- a product or service that an organization's customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from a competitor.
first mover advantage- occurs when an organizations can significantly impact its market share by being first to market with a competitive advantage.
example like Air Asia. the first company to implement low cost.
organizations watch their competition through environmental scanning
what the means by environmental scanning? the meaning is the acquisition and analysis of events and trends in the environment external to an organization.
three common tools used in industry to analyze and develop competitive advantages include:
-Porter's Five Forces Model
-Porter's three generic strategies
-Value chains.
the five forces model- evaluating business segments
- Porter's Five Forces Model determines the relative attractiveness of an industry
buyer power
- high when buyers have many choices of whom to buy from and low when their choices are few
-one way to reduce buyer power is through loyalty programs.
loyalty program is rewards customers based on the amount of business they do with particular organization.
supplier power
-high when buyers have few choices of whom to buy from and low when their choices are many.
-supply chain is consists of all parties involved in the procurement of a product or raw material.
-organizations that are buying goods and services in the supply chain can create a competitive advantage by locating alternative supply sources through B2B marketplaces.
business to business(B2B) marketplace is an internet based service that brings together many buyers and sellers.
-two types of business to business marketplaces is private exchange and reverse auction.
private exchange is a single buyer posts its needs and the opens the bidding to any supplier who would care to bid. reverse auction is an auction format in which increasingly lower bids are solicited from organizations willing to supply the desired product or service at an increasingly lower price.
threat of substitute products or services
-high when there are many alternatives to a product or service and low when there are few alternatives from which to choose.
-switching cost is cost that can make customers reluctant to switch to another product or service.
threat of new entrants
-high when it is easy for new competitors to enter a market and low when there are significant entry barriers to entering a market.
entry barrier is a product or service feature that customers have come to expect from organizations in a particular industry and must be offered by an entering organization to complete and survive.
rivalry among existing competitors
-high when competition is fierce in a market and low when competition is more complacent.
-although competition is always more intense in some industries than in others the overall trend is toward increased competition in just about every industry.
value creation
-once an organization chooses its strategy it can use tools such as the value chain to determine the success or failure of its chosen strategy.
-business process is a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's order.
-value cash is a views an organization as a series of processes each of which adds value to the product or service for each customer.
CHAPTER 3
"STRATEGIC INITIATIVES"
-organizations can undertake high profile strategic initiatives including:
-supply chain management(SCM)
-customer relationship management(CRM)
-business process re engineering(BPR)
-enterprise resource planning(ERP)
SCM
-involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability.
-the four basic components of supply chain management include:
supply chain strategy= strategy for managing all resources to meet customer demand
supply chain partner= partners throughout the supply chain that deliver finished products, raw materials, and services.
supply chain operation= schedule for production activities
supply chain logistics= product delivery process
-effective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to=
decrease the power of its buyers
increase its own supplier power
increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services
create entry barriers there by reducing the threat of new entrants
increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership
CRM
-involves managing all aspects of a customer's relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization's profitability.
-many organizations, such as Charles Schwab and Kaiser Permanente, have obtained great success through the implementation of CRM systems.
-CRM is not just technology but a strategy, process, and business goal that an organization must embrace on an enterprisewide level.
-CRM can enable an organization to=
identify types of customers
design individual customer marketing campaigns
treat each other customers as an individual
understand customer buying behaviors
BPR
-business process is a standardized set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer's order.
-the analysis and redesign of workflow with in and between enterprise
-re engineering the corporation=book written by Micheal Hammer and James Champy that recommend seven principles for BPR.
-seven principles of business process re engineering
organize around outcomes, not tasks
identify all the organizations process and prioritize them in order of re design urgency.
integrate information processing work into the real work that produces the information
treat geographically dispersed resources as though they were centralized
link parallel activities in the workflow instead of just integrating their results
put the decision point where the work is performed, and build control the process
capture information once and at the source
-finding opportunity using BPR are a company can improve the way it travels the road by moving from foot to horse and then horse to car
-BPR also looks at taking a different path such as airplane which ignore the road completely.
-pitfalls of BPR is fails to keep up with competitors.
EPR
-integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make decisions by viewing enterprise wide information on all business operations.
-the keyword in ERP is 'enterprise'.
-EPR systems collect data from across an organization and correlates the data generating an enterprise wide view.
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